Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to mistakenly attack the lining of the joints, leading to inflammation, pain and (if left untreated) permanent joint damage.
Unlike the general wear-and-tear of osteoarthritis, RA is a systemic condition that can also affect other parts of the body.
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical: starting the right therapy before significant joint damage occurs is one of the most effective ways to preserve long-term function and mobility.
RA develops when the immune system mistakenly targets the synovium which is the lining of the membrane that surrounds the joints, causing inflammation that can thicken the synovium and eventually damage cartilage and bone. RA most often affects joints symmetrically, meaning it typically involves the same joints on both sides of the body, commonly the hands, wrists, and knees. In some patients, RA can also affect other organ systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, and cardiovascular system.
The exact cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase risk, including:
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and targeted testing, including:
While RA is a chronic condition, modern treatment can effectively control inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent long-term joint damage for most patients.
Consider a rheumatology evaluation if you have:
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term joint damage and improve quality of life.
