Overview
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a form of axial spondyloarthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints.
It can lead to persistent back pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility if not treated early.
What is Axial Spondyloarthritis?
Axial spondyloarthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects the spine and pelvis. It includes:
- Non-radiographic axSpA (early stage, not visible on X-ray)
- Ankylosing spondylitis (advanced stage with visible joint damage)
Symptoms
- Chronic lower back pain (lasting more than 3 months)
- Morning stiffness that improves with movement
- Pain in hips and buttocks
- Reduced spinal flexibility
- Fatigue
- Eye inflammation (uveitis) in some cases
Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetic predisposition (HLA-B27 gene)
- Immune system dysfunction
- More common in young adults (typically under 45 years)
- Family history of spondyloarthritis
Diagnosis
Early diagnosis is key. Evaluation may include:
- Detailed medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests (HLA-B27, inflammatory markers)
- Imaging (X-rays, MRI of sacroiliac joints)
Treatment Options
Although there is no cure, effective treatment can control symptoms and prevent progression.
Medications
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Biologic therapies (TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors)
- Other targeted treatments
Non-Medication Therapy
- Physical therapy and posture training
- Regular exercise and stretching
- Lifestyle modifications
Why Early Treatment Matters
- Permanent spinal stiffness
- Fusion of vertebrae
- Reduced mobility and quality of life
Early intervention can significantly improve long-term outcomes.
