Overview
Systemic Sclerosis, also known as Scleroderma, is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes abnormal collagen buildup
leading to thickening and hardening of the skin and connective tissues. It can also affect internal organs such as the lungs,
heart, kidneys, and digestive system. Early diagnosis and specialized care are important to help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Symptoms
- Thickened or tight skin
- Raynaud’s phenomenon (fingers turning white or blue in cold)
- Joint pain or stiffness
- Swelling of hands and fingers
- Heartburn or difficulty swallowing
- Shortness of breath or fatigue
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) is not fully understood. It is believed to result from immune system abnormalities,
genetic susceptibility, and environmental triggers that lead to excess collagen production and tissue scarring.
Possible Causes
- Autoimmune dysfunction
- Excess collagen production
- Genetic factors
- Environmental triggers
Risk Factors
- Gender: More common in women
- Age: Most often between 30 and 50 years
- Family history of autoimmune disease
- Exposure to industrial chemicals or dust
- Presence of other autoimmune conditions
Diagnosis
Systemic Sclerosis is diagnosed through medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and specialized studies to assess skin and organ involvement.
Medical Evaluation
- Skin tightening or thickening
- Raynaud’s phenomenon (color changes in fingers/toes)
- Swollen hands or fingers
- Joint pain or stiffness
- Heartburn, swallowing difficulty, or bloating
- Shortness of breath or fatigue
Physical Examination
- Thickened or tight skin
- Finger ulcers or poor circulation
- Joint tenderness or reduced mobility
- Signs of lung, heart, or digestive involvement
Diagnostic Tests
- ANA, anti-centromere, anti-Scl-70 antibodies
- ESR or CRP (inflammation markers)
Imaging & Specialized Tests
- Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
- Chest CT scan
- Echocardiogram
- Upper GI studies
Treatment Options
Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms, slowing disease progression, protecting organs, and improving quality of life.
Medications
- Immunosuppressive medications
- Corticosteroids
- Vasodilators for Raynaud’s phenomenon and pulmonary hypertension
- Pain relief medications
Skin & Joint Care
- Regular moisturizing of skin
- Stretching and hand exercises
- Physical or occupational therapy
Lifestyle & Supportive Care
- Avoid smoking and cold exposure
- Regular gentle exercise
- Balanced diet
- Stress management
- Protection of hands and feet from injury
Monitoring & Follow-Up
Regular follow-up is important to monitor lung, heart, kidney function, and blood pressure to detect complications early.
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Severe shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Sudden high blood pressure
- Decreased urine output
- Painful finger ulcers
