Overview
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system
attacks healthy tissues, causing inflammation and damage in multiple organs.
Symptoms of Lupus (SLE)
- Fatigue and weakness
- Joint pain and swelling
- Skin rashes, especially a butterfly-shaped rash on the face
- Sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity)
- Fever
- Hair loss
- Kidney, heart, or lung involvement in severe cases
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but several factors may increase risk:
- Autoimmune dysfunction
- Genetic predisposition
- Hormonal influences (more common in women)
- Environmental triggers such as sun exposure or infections
How to Diagnose Lupus
Lupus can be challenging to diagnose and typically involves multiple evaluations:
- Clinical evaluation and symptom review
- Blood tests (ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith antibodies)
- Urine tests for kidney involvement
- Imaging and other organ-specific tests
Treatment Options
While there is no cure, lupus can be managed effectively with treatment and lifestyle changes.
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Corticosteroids
- Lifestyle modifications (sun protection, stress management)
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent fatigue, joint pain, unexplained rashes, or multi-system symptoms.
